A scoping review of literature on adoption and impact of climate smart agricultural technologies by smallholder farmers in Africa

This scoping review aims to map the literature on empirical evidence on CSA technology adoption among smallholder farmers, to identify critical gaps, and propose future research directions, with a focus on outcomes related to productivity, food security, and resilience. Its unique contribution is in methodically uncovering understudied behavioral and gender gaps in Sub-Saharan Africa, demonstrating oversights that undermine equitable and transformative CSA technologies and impact. Using the PRISMA-ScR framework, the review analyzes 54 peer-reviewed empirical studies (published 2013–2025) selected from an initial 598 articles searched in June 2025 across multiple databases. Inclusion criteria prioritized…