articleCell ResearchJan 14, 2026HYBRID OA

Gut dysbiosis in oncology: a risk factor for immunoresistance

AAAndrew Allan AlmonteSTSimon ThomasVIValerio IebbaGKGuido KroemerLDLisa Derosa

Inserm · Université Paris-Saclay · +9 more institutions

PubMed
Indexed incrossrefpubmed

Abstract

The gut microbiome is recognized as a determinant of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies in cancer. However, the clinical translation of microbiome science has been hampered by inconsistent definitions of dysbiosis, inadequate biomarker frameworks, and limited mechanistic understanding. In this review, we synthesize the current state of knowledge on how gut microbial composition and function influence ICI efficacy, highlighting both correlative and causal evidence. We discuss computational approaches based on α-diversity or taxonomic abundance and argue for more functionally and clinically informative models, such as the topological score (TOPOSCORE) and other dysbiosis indices derived from…

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Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Dysbiosis
  • Metagenomics
  • Microbiome
  • Gut flora
  • Fecal bacteriotherapy
  • Gut microbiome
  • Biomarker
  • Function (biology)
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