articleJournal of Energy StorageJan 13, 2026HYBRID OA

Energy storage systems for deep decarbonization: A critical review

SHSanan H. Khan

Al Ain University · United Arab Emirates University

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Abstract

Energy storage technologies are fundamental to achieving global climate targets because they enable the large-scale integration of variable renewable energy into reliable power systems. This review examines the current status and future role of energy storage in deep decarbonization, focusing on technological progress, economic performance, and sustainability challenges. Lithium-ion batteries have reached commercial maturity, with average pack costs falling from $139/kWh in 2023 to approximately $70/kWh for stationary applications by 2025. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistries now dominate the market, accounting for approximately 74% of cathode material shipments in China and nearly 45% of global…

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4
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22.04
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100%
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Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Renewable energy
  • Sustainability
  • Energy storage
  • Electricity
  • Greenhouse gas
  • Grid energy storage
  • Electricity generation
  • Boom
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