articleJournal of High Energy PhysicsJan 8, 2026DIAMOND OA

CP-violation in production of heavy neutrinos from bubble collisions

Universität Hamburg · Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY · +4 more institutions

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Abstract

A bstract First order phase transitions (FOPT) in the early Universe can be powerful emitters of both relativistic and heavy particles, upon the collision of ultra-relativistic bubble shells. If the particles coupling to the bubble wall have CP-violating interactions, the same collision process can also create a local lepton or baryon charge. This CP-violation can originate from different channels, which have only been partially addressed in the literature. We present a systematic analysis of the different channels inducing CP-violation during bubble collisions: 1) the decay of heavy particles 2) the production of heavy particles and 3) the production of light and relativistic Standard Model (SM) particles. As…

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