articleACS SensorsJan 16, 2026Closed access

Fabrication of NbC/GaN Nanofilm Sensor via Photolithography and its Investigation as a Sensor for Trimethylamine Mixed Gas Detection Using Dual-Feature Extraction and Deep Learning

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada) · Taiyuan University of Technology · +4 more institutions

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Abstract

In this study, we successfully synthesized NbC nanofilms on the GaN surface, and a more uniform size and thinner thickness of NbC were optimized by further fabricating circular hole arrays on GaN epitaxial wafers using photolithography and etching techniques. This sensor exhibits an ultralow detection limit of 200 ppb for TMA gas at room temperature, a high response value (84.14%) to 200 ppm of TMA, and low resistance fluctuation for uniform NbC nanofilms. The excellent performance after combination of the two can be attributed to the synergistic effects of p-n heterojunctions and Schottky barriers. Furthermore, the algorithm innovatively adopts dual-feature extraction via KPCA combined with polynomial feature…

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