Micronutrient and Nutritional Deficiencies Associated With GLP ‐1 Receptor Agonist Therapy: A Narrative Review

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) such as semaglutide, liraglutide and tirzepatide are effective for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but may predispose users to micronutrient deficiencies through appetite suppression, delayed gastric emptying and altered absorption. Given the rapid rise in GLP-1RA use, clarifying their nutritional impact is clinically important. We conducted a structured search of PubMed and the Cochrane Database (January 2019-May 2025) for adult studies evaluating nutritional or micronutrient outcomes during GLP-1RA therapy. Paediatric studies, those lacking nutrient endpoints, and review articles were excluded. Methods followed SANRA and PRISMA-ScR guidance, and…