Low‐Cost Layered Cathodes Toward Practical Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Scientific Challenges, Resolution Strategies, and Economic Efficiency

ABSTRACT Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are the most widely used commercial rechargeable batteries, but the stable supply of key raw materials such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt faces challenges. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as potential alternatives and complements to LIBs due to similar working principles and the abundance of sodium resources. Layered oxide cathode materials (LOCMs) are recognized as one of the most promising practical cathodes for SIBs because of mature synthesis technology and satisfactory energy density. However, the use of nickel in LOCMs for SIBs has raised concerns about environmental pollution during nickel production and the risk of price volatility stemming from the…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 22409161, 52472249
• SK
  State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment

  Award: EIPE23313
• KR
  Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province

  Award: 2025CY‐YBXM‐187