Geopolitical risk and international business: a multi-disciplinary review and research agenda

Purpose Despite heightened geopolitical tensions in the current global business environment, a comprehensive understanding of geopolitical risk has remained understudied in international business literature. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to synthesize and analyse existing research on the interface of geopolitical risk and international business activities, aiming to identify theoretical/methodological gaps and areas of future research. Design/methodology/approach Through a systematic literature review method, this study critically evaluates 138 peer-reviewed articles published in a sample of 29 leading journals between 1990 and 2025. Findings This review paper provides novel research avenues around…