articleEnergyJan 20, 2026Closed access

A hybrid transformer–TCN–GRU based model for thermal load forecasting of a large university campus

SASaad A. AlsamraeeSKSanjeev K. Khanna

University of Missouri

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4
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52.01
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100%
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Topics
Keywords
  • Mean squared error
  • Mean absolute percentage error
  • Transformer
  • Robustness (evolution)
  • Baseline (sea)
  • Wind power
  • Wind speed
  • Efficient energy use
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