articlenpj Mental Health ResearchJan 21, 2026DIAMOND OA

Longitudinal associations of dispositional forgivingness with multidimensional well-being: a two-wave outcome-wide analysis in the Global Flourishing Study

RGRichard G. CowdenELEverett L. WorthingtonRNR. Noah PadgettCFChris FeltonDWDorota Weziak-Bialowolska

Harvard University · Quantitative BioSciences · +4 more institutions

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Abstract

In this preregistered longitudinal study with nationally representative samples from 23 countries in the Global Flourishing Study (N = 207,919), we examine associations between dispositional forgivingness and multidimensional well-being outcomes approximately one year later. Following the analytic template for outcome-wide designs, we conducted a series of country-specific weighted multivariate regression analyses where each Wave 2 outcome was regressed on Wave 1 forgivingness (controlling for Wave 1 sociodemographic and retrospectively recalled childhood variables). Random effects meta-analyses were used to pool country-specific estimates of association for the 56 main outcomes covering psychological, social,…

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Authors

11
  • RG
    Richard G. CowdenCorresponding

    Harvard University, Quantitative BioSciences

  • EL
    Everett L. Worthington

    Virginia Commonwealth University

  • RN
    R. Noah Padgett

    Harvard University, Quantitative BioSciences

  • CF
    Chris Felton

    Harvard University, Quantitative BioSciences

  • DW
    Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska

    Kozminski University, Harvard University, Quantitative BioSciences

Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Flourishing
  • Association (psychology)
  • Multivariate statistics
  • Longitudinal study
  • Multivariate analysis
  • Longitudinal data
  • Principal component analysis
  • Regression analysis
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