articleEnvironmental Science & TechnologyJan 21, 2026GREEN OA

Evaluating Legacy and Emerging PFAS in Human Blood Collected from 2003 to 2021

National Institutes of Health · National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences · +5 more institutions

PubMed
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Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of manmade chemicals linked to numerous health outcomes including cancers and increased cholesterol. Consequently, legacy PFASs such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have been voluntarily phased out of production within the United States since the early 2000s. However, as replacements, emerging PFASs have been introduced over the last 25 years. The presence and accumulation of these emerging PFASs remains largely unexplored due to the complexity of their identification and quantification. Here, we analyzed a unique set of serum samples (n = 156) collected from 2003 to 2021 consisting of three groups: an autoimmune…

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