Expanding the frontiers of nanobiochar and biochar nanocomposites as versatile biomaterials for sustainable development

Abstract Mounting global crisis including environmental degradation, resource depletion, and health threats, necessitates the exploration of various transformative, novel, and multifunctional materials with practical applications. Nanobiochar, a nanoscale biochar produced through pyrolysis and post-pyrolysis modifications, has emerged as a versatile and sustainable carbon-based nanomaterial with numerous applications. Biochar nanocomposites, engineered hybrid materials developed from biochar and nanomaterials, have further amplified the applications of biochar. Although the environmental applications of nanobiochar and biochar nanocomposites have been extensively studied, their potential applications in other…