Triple-phase interfaces for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

, porous architectures, hydrophobic modifications, and heterostructure engineering) and analyze associated failure modes. Furthermore, we extend these concepts to other electrochemical reactions, including oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution/oxidation, to extract universal principles that guide catalyst design. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for advancing the field of sustainable electrocatalysis and its future role in clean energy technologies.

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 22478289, 22438010
• HP
  Hebei Provincial Department of Bureau of Science and Technology

  Awards: 253A7603D, B2024209047
• NK
  National Key Research and Development Program of China

  Award: 2023YFA1507901
• TS
  Tianjin Science and Technology Program

  Award: 24JCZXJC00430