Decoding the microbial blueprint of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) represents one of the most formidable challenges in oncology, characterized by its asymptomatic onset, delayed clinical detection, and dismal prognosis. Among pancreatic neoplasms, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for over 90% of cases and remains the most aggressive form, driven by late diagnosis, intrinsic chemoresistance, and a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Recent advances have reframed the human microbiome not as a passive bystander but as an active architect of pancreatic tumor biology. This review delineates the mechanistic axes through which microbial ecosystems orchestrate PDAC progression across four key anatomical niches-gastrointestinal,…