articleNano LettersJan 23, 2026HYBRID OA

Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth in Battery Electrodes under Reactant-Limited Conditions

JYJing YuIMIrina MartynovaZLZeyan LiCLCanhuang LiCZChaoqi Zhang

Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia · Institut de Recerca en Energia de Catalunya · +5 more institutions

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Abstract

Nucleation and growth of solid phases from species dissolved in an electrolyte govern battery performance, defining capacity, efficiency, rate capability, stability, and safety. However, classical nucleation–growth models often do not realistically describe working cells, failing to capture highly asymmetric out-of-plane growth and finite reactant supply. Here, we introduce a nucleation–growth model to fit potentiostatic nucleation transients that explicitly accounts for a finite amount of reactant and its depletion, reproducing the characteristic current rise upon nucleation, peak, and subsequent decay without ad hoc corrections. Both instantaneous nucleation and progressive nucleation are considered. The…

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6
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58.29
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100%
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8

Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Nucleation
  • Electrolyte
  • Electrochemistry
  • Electrode
  • Battery (electricity)
  • Lithium (medication)
  • Growth rate
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