Centrioles as Determinants of Asymmetric Stem Cell Division

Asymmetric stem cell division (ASCD) is a fundamental process for generating cellular diversity while maintaining the stem cell pool. This review synthesizes evidence from diverse model systems to establish a paradigm-shifting hypothesis: centrioles are not passive microtubule-organizing centers but active determinants that orchestrate ASCD. We argue that centrioles function as integrative hub-organelles, executing four coordinated roles: as a Compass that fixes the division axis via cortical linkages, a Dispatcher that asymmetrically recruits and segregates fate determinants, a Sensor that transduces niche signals through the primary cilium, and a Chronometer that regulates division timing. The molecular…