Human–AI interaction and collaboration in radiology: from conceptual frameworks to responsible implementation

Artificial intelligence (AI) is entering routine radiology practice, but most studies evaluate algorithms in isolation rather than their interaction with radiologists in clinical workflows. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on human-AI interaction in radiology and highlights practical risks and opportunities for clinical teams. First, simple conceptual models of human-AI collaboration are described, such as diagnostic complementarity, which explain when radiologists and AI can achieve synergistic performance exceeding that of either alone. Then, AI tool integration strategies along the imaging pathway are reviewed, from acquisition and triage to interpretation, reporting, and teaching,…