articleNature CommunicationsJan 26, 2026GOLD OA

Suppressing electron-phonon coupling and energy loss in organic solar cells by modulating donor-acceptor penetrated-interface

Guangzhou University · Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology · +9 more institutions

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Abstract

Organic solar cells (OSCs) achieve 21% efficiency, yet non-radiative energy loss (qΔVnr) remains a critical barrier to further improve the open-circuit voltage (VOC). This loss is primarily governed by the optoelectronic properties of interfacial CT states, yet the precise role of electron-phonon coupling (EPC) is not fully resolved. Through analysis of three all-polymer OSCs and four small molecule acceptor (SMA)-based OSCs, we identify two donor-acceptor (D-A) interfacial mixed phases that foster two distinct CT states, establishing efficient charge generation. These two phases emerge from amorphous D-A entanglement, termed as Entangled (E-) interface, and the penetration of acceptor quasi-aggregates into…

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