articleBiomarker ResearchJan 27, 2026GOLD OA

In vivo engineering of CAR-T cells: delivery strategies and clinical translation

Tongji Hospital · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · +1 more institution

PubMed
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Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has transformed the treatment landscape for hematologic malignancies. Nonetheless, its broad clinical adoption is constrained by the logistical, financial, and safety burdens associated with ex vivo cell manufacturing. In vivo CAR-T engineering has emerged as a transformative alternative, enabling the direct reprogramming of endogenous T cells through systemic delivery of CAR-encoding constructs via viral or non-viral vectors. This strategy eliminates the need for leukapheresis, genetic modification, and reinfusion, paving the way for simplified, scalable, and potentially “off-the-shelf” immunotherapies. While challenges such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and…

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