Energy-Efficient Transmission in STAR-RIS Assisted Secure ISAC Networks With RSMA: An MoE-RBPPO Approach

Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) represents an innovative technology with the potential to enhance global coverage in future wireless networks. This paper investigates secure down link transmission and rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) in a STAR-RIS-assisted integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, focusing on the communication and sensing needs of future networks. We propose an optimization problem to maximize system secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) by jointly op timizing beamforming vectors, the common-stream secrecy rate for users, and the amplitude and phase of the STAR-RIS under various operational constraints. To address the challenges…