articleACS SensorsJan 28, 2026Closed access

Wearable Nanosensor for Noninvasive Multimodal Monitoring of Theophylline Pharmacokinetics and Hemodynamics

JWJiayi WangJBJing BaiCMChong-Bo MaMGMeihua GuMSMimi Sun

Northeast Normal University · Interface (United States) · +3 more institutions

PubMed
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Abstract

Monitoring the dynamic interactions between therapeutic drugs and physiological responses is essential for advancing precision medicine. The inter- and intrasubject variability in drug pharmacokinetics and physiological responses underscores the need for simultaneous and continuous monitoring of both parameters to address the limitations of current approaches that are invasive and unable to capture dynamic drug-body interactions. Here, we report a fully integrated epidermal nanosensor (termed PharmHemoSens) that enables real-time, noninvasive, and multimodal sweat monitoring of theophylline (THP), a widely prescribed medication for asthma, alongside key hemodynamic signals, including heart rate and blood…

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4
total citations
FWCI
39.68
Percentile
100%
References
58
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Authors

6

Topics & keywords

Keywords
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Theophylline
  • Hemodynamics
  • Drug
  • Continuous monitoring
  • Bioavailability
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Good health and well-being
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