Predicting the Intention to Use Generative Artificial Intelligence for Health Information: Comparative Survey Study

The rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT is rapidly transforming how people access information online. In the health context, generative AI is seen as a potentially disruptive information source due to its low entry barriers, conversational style, and ability to tailor content to users' needs. However, little is known about whether and how individuals use generative AI for health purposes, and which groups may benefit or be left behind, raising important questions of digital health equity.

This study aimed to assess the current relevance of generative AI as a health information source and to identify key factors predicting individuals' intention to use it. We applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2, focusing on 6 core predictors: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, habit, and hedonic motivation. In addition, we extended the model by including health literacy and health status. A cross-national design enabled comparison across 4 European countries.