Enhanced bacterial cellulose production by Komagataeibacter xylinus using agro-derived flour nitrogen sources

Bacterial cellulose (BC) production is limited by the high cost of refined nitrogen sources such as yeast extract and tryptone. While carbon source substitution has been widely studied, approaches for nitrogen replacement remain underexplored. Here, we evaluated cereal and pseudo-cereal flours as low-cost nitrogen alternatives for Komagataeibacter xylinus DSMZ 2325 under static fermentation under static fermentation using two nitrogen substitution strategies: constant total nitrogen (CTN) and constant nitrogen source mass (CNSM). Thirteen flour variants were screened, with maximum BC yields of 3.40 g/L (soy), 3.17 g/L (teff), 2.74 g/L (quinoa), and 1.94 g/L (triticale) under the CTN strategy, in several cases…

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