Dietary Polyphenols (Flavonoids) Derived from Plants for Use in Therapeutic Health: Antioxidant Performance, ROS, Molecular Mechanisms, and Bioavailability Limitations

Plant polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, are prominent bioactives in preventive/complementary therapeutic strategies. This article analyzes how some polyphenols can mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation. These processes are involved in cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders. Polyphenols are explored through the integration of direct antioxidant chemistry (radical scavenging via hydrogen atom transfer/single-electron transfer/metal chelation), redox signaling (Keap1-Nrf2/ARE and inflammatory pathways), endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems, and mitochondrial quality control. Unlike previous descriptive reviews, a novel aspect of this manuscript is its evidence-based…