Biomimetic and personalized nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy: Design innovations, translational challenges, and future directions

• Biomimetic nanovaccines enhance tumor-specific antigen delivery and adaptive immune priming. • RBC, exosome and immune cell membrane coatings improve circulation longevity and targeting. • Personalized mRNA and peptide nanovaccines demonstrate synergy with immune checkpoint blockade. • GMP manufacturing, regulatory complexity, and safety profiling remain key translational barriers. • AI-guided neoantigen design and modular and microfluidics support scalable personalized vaccine production. Personalized nanovaccines represent advancing frontier in cancer immunotherapy by integrating patient-specific tumor antigens with biomimetic delivery systems to enhance immune activation, targeting precision and clinical…

• ES
  European Science Foundation
• IN
  Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
• FW
  Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek