articlePhysical review. D/Physical review. D.Feb 2, 2026HYBRID OA

Noninvertible symmetry as a solution to the strong C P problem in a GUT-inspired standard model

TKTatsuo KobayashiHOHajime OtsukaTTTsutomu T. Yanagida

Hokkaido University · Kyushu University · +3 more institutions

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Abstract

We propose a three-zero texture for the down-quark mass matrix within a S U ( 5 ) grand unified theory (GUT)-inspired Standard Model, enforced by a noninvertible selection rule originating from Z 2 gauging of Z N symmetries. Assuming C P invariance at the high-energy scale, our framework solves the strong C P problem while reproducing a realistic quark mass matrix. The C P symmetry is spontaneously broken down at an intermediate scale via complex vacuum expectation values of new scalar fields η i , which generate the C P phase in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix without inducing the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) θ ¯ term. The present model incorporates three generations of matter,…

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4
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57.17
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99%
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Topics & keywords

Keywords
  • Standard Model (mathematical formulation)
  • Symmetry (geometry)
  • Set (abstract data type)
  • Term (time)
  • Basis (linear algebra)
  • Component (thermodynamics)
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