articleBiosensorsFeb 2, 2026GOLD OA

Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Milk Adulterants

Gachon University · Jain University

PubMed
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Abstract

The precise and reliable detection of milk adulterants has garnered increased scientific interest owing to the rising incidence of food fraud. Recent years have witnessed substantial advancements in optical and electrochemical biosensors for the quick, sensitive, and on-site determination of adulterants. This review thoroughly emphasizes recent developments in electrochemical biosensors, encompassing amperometric, voltammetric, impedimetric, and photoelectrochemical sensors, alongside optical biosensors such as colorimetric, fluorometric, and plasmonic systems. Significant focus is directed towards determination of critical milk adulterants, including variations in pH, urea, formaldehyde (FA), melamine (MEL),…

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3

Topics & keywords

Keywords
  • Biosensor
  • Melamine
  • Complex matrix
  • Food safety
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