Acute Coronary Syndromes in Premenopausal Women: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Premenopausal women presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are a unique and often underrecognized patient population. Although they are traditionally considered at lower cardiovascular risk than other groups, we have begun to appreciate the potential risk for ACS in this younger subset of women. Whereas atherosclerotic disease (obstructive or nonobstructive) accounts for most presentations, a substantial number are attributable to nonatherosclerotic causes, including spontaneous coronary artery dissection, epicardial coronary artery spasm, and coronary embolism. A major challenge at present is the lack of specific data and evidence for the diagnosis and management of these women. Unfortunately, as a…