Insulin resistance induced by obesity: Mechanisms, metabolic implications and therapeutic approaches

Obesity-induced insulin resistance is an escalating global health challenge that substantially contributes to the development of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. This narrative review critically examines the molecular and cellular mechanisms linking excess adiposity to impaired insulin action, with a particular focus on adipose tissue dysfunction, chronic low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering preclinical and clinical studies published primarily over the past two decades. Evidence indicates that adipocyte hypertrophy and hypoxia promote excessive…

• MU
  Monash University