Synergistic effects of metallic and non-metallic element-doped electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction: a review

, P, N, B, O, S) elements has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance catalytic activity. This dual-doping approach enables fine-tuning of the catalyst's electronic environment, increases active site density, and improves hydrogen adsorption/desorption behaviour. Metallic dopants modulate conductivity and the electronic structure of active sites, while non-metallic heteroatoms introduce charge redistribution, surface defects, and chemical polarity - collectively accelerating HER kinetics. This review critically examines recent advances in the synthesis and performance of heteroatom-doped HER electrocatalysts under acidic and alkaline conditions. Emphasis is placed on how compositional tuning, structural…

• SI
  SRM Institute of Science and Technology