Large language model diagnostic assistance for physicians in a lower-middle-income country: a randomized controlled trial

Diagnostic errors remain a major source of preventable patient harm, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to bridge these gaps in diagnostic capacity, but can generate inaccurate information, necessitating artificial intelligence (AI)-literacy training. However, whether AI-trained physicians can leverage LLMs to improve diagnostic reasoning compared with conventional resources is unknown. Here we conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial involving 60 licensed physicians from multiple medical institutions in Pakistan between January and May 2025. Participants completed a 20-hour AI-literacy curriculum covering LLM capabilities, appropriate…

• LU
  Lahore University of Management Sciences

  Award: FIF-0912