articleACS NanoFeb 9, 2026Closed access

Effect of Stoichiometry in Mo-Based Ordered Double Transition Metal Carbide MXenes on Solid Lubrication and Tribo-Film Formation

Millennium Science Initiative · Millennium Engineering and Integration (United States) · +8 more institutions

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Abstract

MXenes have emerged as promising solid lubricants due to their layered structure, tunable chemistry, and ability to form mechanically robust, wear-resistant tribo-films. However, most studies have focused on single-metal MXenes such as Ti3C2Tx, Ti3CNTx, or V2CTx, leaving multimetal MXenes largely unexplored. Here, we present a comprehensive tribological and mechanochemical evaluation of ordered double-transition metal Mo2TiC2Tx and Mo2Ti2C3Tx coatings under dry sliding in ambient conditions. Using nanoindentation mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that Mo2Ti2C3Tx tends to form dense, chemically stabilized, and mechanically robust tribo-layers…

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