Equipment Supplier Selection for Sustainable Hydrogen Production: A Group Decision-Making Supported Spherical Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach

Green hydrogen production is a fundamental component of the sustainable energy transition; however, the success of such projects largely depends on the strategic selection of reliable and sustainable equipment suppliers. Supplier selection plays a critical role in aligning operational performance with long-term objectives, including technological competitiveness, environmental sustainability, and societal acceptance. Nevertheless, conventional multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches remain insufficient in adequately capturing the uncertainty, subjectivity, and group decision-making dynamics inherent in real-world supplier evaluation processes. To address this gap, this study proposes a group…