Seismic performance and mitigation strategies for soil-foundation-structure systems on liquefiable soils

• A soil–foundation–structure (SFS) system on layered liquefiable soil was numerically modeled to assess seismic performance. • Key parameters included liquefiable soil relative density, layer depth, groundwater level, ground inclination, and foundation depth. • Increasing these parameters reduced foundation settlement and rotation but amplified acceleration and structural shear force. • Greater foundation depth could be one of the most effective mitigation strategy, although trade-offs between beneficial and detrimental responses should be considered in design. Fully coupled three-dimensional dynamic nonlinear FE analysis was conducted to investigate the comprehensive behavior of the soil–foundation–structure…