The Potential Of Living Concrete As A Sustainable Alternative For Regenerating Structures Exposed To Aggressive Environments: A Comprehensive Review

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials worldwide; however, it is highly susceptible to cracking and long-term deterioration caused by mechanical stress, environmental exposure, and chemical aggression. Structural cracks compromise durability, permeability resistance, and reinforcement protection, resulting in costly maintenance interventions. Living concrete, also known as bio-concrete or self-healing concrete, has emerged as a promising biotechnological innovation capable of autonomously repairing cracks through biologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms, preparation methods, chemical processes, mechanical…