Carbon Fiber–Garnet Sand Reinforced Multifunctional Electrically Conductive Concrete for Supercapacitive Energy Storage

ABSTRACT This study reports the development of an electrically conductive concrete (ECC) prepared by incorporating 2 vol.% carbon fibers (CF) and iron‐rich almandine garnet sand into a Portland cement matrix, followed by surface coating with activated carbon to enable electrochemical energy storage through an electrode layer. The optimized ECC formulation exhibited significantly enhanced electrical and mechanical performance, achieving a low electrical resistivity of 15 Ω·cm after 28 days of curing, along with compressive and flexural strengths of 39 and 13.4 MPa, representing approximately 50% and 35%, improvements respectively over conventional mortar. FE‐SEM and elemental analyses confirmed the effective…