Overcoming the Trade-Off between Initial Coulombic Efficiency and Rate Performance in Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium-Ion Storage

Hard carbon (HC) has emerged as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries owing to its low-voltage plateau and cost-effectiveness. However, HC anodes still suffer from a performance trade-off between the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and rate capability. To address this issue, we propose a scalable synthesis method, the melt-spinning technique (kilogram scale) with a hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) cross-linking-oxidation strategy, to multidimensionally regulate the structure of phenolic resin-derived hard carbon (CPF-1400) as high-performance anodes. Experimental studies demonstrate that the spatially cross-linked precursor with methylene bridge (–CH2–) and rich carbonyl groups (C═O) effectively…

• DA
  Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality
• SU
  Southern University of Science and Technology

  Awards: Y01256331, 2018B030322001, SYSPG20241211173726011
• SF
  Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program

  Award: JCYJ20220818100217037
• SP
  Special Project for Research and Development in Key areas of Guangdong Province

  Award: 2019B010941001