Black Holes as Topological Winding Structures: An Exploratory Framework with Observational Constraints from EHT and LIGO

We present ATPEW (ALdon Theory of Primordial Energy Wave), an exploratory conceptual framework in which all physical objects are topological vortex configurations of a single complex scalar field Ψ = ÷exp(iθ), governed by the Lagrangian: ℒ = α(∂μÃ)² + βò(∂μθ)² − λÃ⁻² − μ²Ã² In this framework, a black hole is a spherically stratified structure — two concentric spheres of radii rcore and rph delimiting five functionally distinct zones — whose internal phase field carries a closed toroidal winding of number k. The hollow core of this structure, a wave vacuum where no stable frequency mode can form, lies beneath the Schwarzschild horizon when the winding number k exceeds the topological closure threshold kseuil…