articlenpj Materials SustainabilityMar 3, 2026DIAMOND OA

Graphene oxide as smart sustainable nanomaterial: a versatile multifunctional material with transformative potential in advanced materials science research

National Institute of Technology Hamirpur · University of Oslo · +8 more institutions

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Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO), a two-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterial with a distinctive layered architecture, has emerged as a transformative platform for addressing critical challenges in energy, environment, and healthcare through innovative technological solutions. This comprehensive review examines exceptional characteristics of GO as a smart nanomaterial in advanced materials science, emphasizing synthesis chemistry and property modification for sustainable, multifunctional applications. The unique layered structure of GO enables extensive surface functionalization, allowing tailored properties from excellent adsorptive to hydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces, and dimensional configurations spanning 0D to 3D…

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