articleNature MedicineMar 11, 2026HYBRID OA

Antibiotic use and gut microbiome composition links from individual-level prescription data of 14,979 individuals

GBGabriel BaldanziALAnna LarssonSSSergi Sayols-BaixerasKFKoen F. DekkersUHUlf Hammar

Uppsala University · Lund University · +15 more institutions

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Abstract

Disruptions in gut microbiome are implicated in cardiometabolic disorders and other health outcomes. Antibiotics are known gut microbiome disruptors, but their long-term consequences remain underexplored. Here we combined individual-level data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register with fecal metagenomes of 14,979 adults to examine the association between oral antibiotic use over 8 years and gut microbiome. In multivariable confounder-adjusted regression models, antibiotic use

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Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Antibiotics
  • Gut flora
  • Penicillin
  • Microbiome
  • Flucloxacillin
  • Feces
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