Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are inevitable byproducts of aerobic metabolism that exert a dual role in biological systems. At physiological levels, tightly regulated ROS levels function as essential signaling molecules regulating cellular communication, immune defense, metabolic adaptation, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. However, excessive or deregulated ROS production disrupts redox balance and contributes to oxidative stress, a key factor in the onset and progression of numerous pathogenesis. This review provides an updated and integrated overview of ROS biology, summarizing their major types, cellular and molecular sources, and physiological functions, highlighting their significance in…

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  Qassim University