Comprehensive Review on Formulation, Characterization, and Analytical Validation of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Anticancer Drugs

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have gained considerable attention as promising carriers for anticancer drug delivery due to their high surface area, tunable pore structure, and surface modifiability. These properties enable efficient drug loading, controlled release, and improved formulation performance compared to conventional chemotherapy systems. The present review focuses on the formulation of anticancer drug-loaded MSNs using the sol–gel method, along with their physicochemical characterization and analytical evaluation. Key characterization techniques such as SEM, TEM, BET analysis, zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, DSC, and TGA are discussed to confirm particle morphology, porosity, surface properties,…