Case-Identity and Constraint-Identity in Civic Evaluation: Why the Same Civic Object Is Not Always the Same Evaluative Case

This artifact distinguishes civic-object identity, constraint-identity, and case-identity in civic evaluation. The artifact argues that the same civic object is not always the same evaluative case. Civic-object identity tells us what people are pointing at. Constraint-identity tells us whether the same binding civic content remains the same across variation. Case-identity asks whether the civic object has become one evaluative case for later judgment. This distinction matters because later civic evaluation cannot responsibly classify, compare, preserve, or score an object merely because the public object has been identified. A bill, opinion, order, agency action, public statement, omission, or institutional…