Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders

This cluster of papers focuses on the pathophysiology, management, and associated conditions of Graves' ophthalmopathy, including the role of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, orbital fibroblasts, thyrotropin receptor antibodies, teprotumumab treatment, autoimmune mechanisms, thalamus infarction, surgical interventions for strabismus, and the involvement of the IGF-1 receptor. The research covers a wide range of topics related to the understanding and treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy.