Abstract
This article reviews the mechanisms that lead to the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy. A central feature in its development is autoimmunity that involves not only T cells, B cells, and macrophages but also fibroblasts and adipose tissue within the orbit. Intraorbital cytokine-mediated inflammation also has a prominent role. These recent findings suggest new ways of treating this debilitating disease.
Citation impact
1,514
total citations
- FWCI
- 32.00
- Percentile
- 100%
- References
- 130
Citations per year
Authors
1Topics & keywords
Topics
Keywords
- Autoimmunity
- Graves' ophthalmopathy
- Inflammation
- Adipose tissue
- Medicine
- Graves' disease
- Cytokine
- Disease
UN Sustainable Development Goals
- Good health and well-being
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