RETRACTED: A review of history, properties, classification, applications and challenges of natural and synthetic dyes

Natural dyes have been used for centuries for coloring textiles, food, and other materials. Synthetic dyes are particularly popular due to their ease of use, wide range of available colors, and fastness. However, their usage comes with significant environmental and health challenges. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in natural dyes due to their eco-friendliness, ready availability, affordability, non-toxicity, and sustainability. Hence, natural dyes are fast gaining popularity as better alternatives to synthetic dyes. Nature is blessed with a rich diversity of plant species with varying colors and properties which can be harnessed in textile, printing, cosmetics, and food industries. This…