A systematic framework for understanding the microbiome in human health and disease: from basic principles to clinical translation

The human microbiome is a complex and dynamic system that plays important roles in human health and disease. However, there remain limitations and theoretical gaps in our current understanding of the intricate relationship between microbes and humans. In this narrative review, we integrate the knowledge and insights from various fields, including anatomy, physiology, immunology, histology, genetics, and evolution, to propose a systematic framework. It introduces key concepts such as the 'innate and adaptive genomes', which enhance genetic and evolutionary comprehension of the human genome. The 'germ-free syndrome' challenges the traditional 'microbes as pathogens' view, advocating for the necessity of microbes…

• DZ
  Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung
• DF
  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

  Awards: RA 2717/4-1, 1289/17-1
• CS
  China Scholarship Council