Chatbots in education: A systematic review of objectives, underlying technology and theory, evaluation criteria, and impacts

There is a growing body of literature on the development and use of chatbots in education. However, insights into the objectives, underlying technologies, theories, and criteria for developing and evaluating chatbots in education are lacking. This study presents a systematic review of 71 papers, identified through a thorough search in Web of Science and Scopus in October 2023, to understand, compare, and create a comprehensive overview of these elements. Papers were selected through a step-by-step procedure based on the guidelines of the PRISMA framework. The main results indicate that most chatbots in education are teaching-oriented and have increasingly been developed using chatbot builder platforms.…